SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting research peptide studied for its potential to protect and restore cellular energy production. It works by binding to cardiolipin, a lipid critical for mitochondrial function, and is thought to improve energy efficiency, reduce oxidative stress, and support cellular survival under stress conditions. Research has explored SS-31 in areas such as age-related decline, muscle performance, cardiovascular health, and neuroprotection, making it of great interest in longevity and metabolic studies.